A traditional depiction of Arya Nagarjuna with a parasol of nagas over his head and a naga below offering the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra

After the Buddha’s passing, Arya Nagarjuna became one of the main pioneers of the Mahayana tradition in India. From Nagarjuna descended the lineage of teachings on wisdom or the profound view of emptiness via his sacred communion with Bodhisattva Manjushri. Before Nagarjuna’s birth, there were numerous predictions of his coming that were recorded in various sutras, such as the Lankavatra Sutra and so forth. Nagarjuna is also traditionally accepted as one of Lama Tsongkhapa’s earlier incarnations.

According to scriptural sources, Nagarjuna was born to a Brahmin family from the ancient kingdom of Vidarbha in the southern part of India. Upon being presented with the newborn baby, the soothsayer observed auspicious signs of a holy being but also made an ominous prediction that the baby would not live past the seventh day. However, he added that the parents could prolong the baby’s life by up to 7 years if they made offerings to a hundred Buddhist monks. Naturally, the parents obliged and the young Nagarjuna lived to seven years of age. During his seventh year, Nagarjuna’s parents feared for his life and they decided to send him to the renowned Nalanda Monastery, where he met the great master Saraha.

Saraha, a great Indian Mahasiddha

Saraha told Nagarjuna that he could extend his life if he was ordained as a monk and engaged in the meditational practice of Amitayus. The boy gladly accepted and was given the Amitayus initiation, which he diligently practiced. He was thus able to survive past his seventh year.

The following year, Nagarjuna received his novice vows and began his life at Nalanda. He turned out to be brilliant in his studies and quickly became an expert in all the major fields of learning at Nalanda. Saraha, his tutor, also initiated him into the Tantric teachings, first with the initiation of Guhyasamaja, and personally taught him the commentary to this Tantra along with other oral teachings, which Nagarjuna gradually mastered.

When he came of age, Nagarjuna returned to his parents and sought their permission to be ordained. Permission was granted and he returned to the monastery where he was ordained according to the Vinaya by the Abbot of Nalanda and given the ordination name of Sriman (Tibetan equivalent, Palden).

Over the years, Manjushri cared for him as he had done in his previous lives. Once, Saraha requested Nagarjuna’s assistance to provide for the monastery during a time of great famine. Nagarjuna traveled to an island by means of his spiritual powers and he learnt the art of alchemy from a hermit there. Upon his return, he was able to provide for the entire monastery with the knowledge he had gained.

As he grew older, Nagarjuna became so highly respected that he was eventually appointed as the Abbot of Nalanda. Fair governance of the monastery characterized his abbotship and he always ensured that monks who upheld the three higher trainings (discipline, meditation and wisdom) were honored and given due recognition. He was also very strict with errant monks and had no qualms expelling monks who had violated their vows.

However, Nagarjuna was not without his detractors. There was a monk by the name of Sankara who composed a text called Ornament of Knowledge, criticizing Nagarjuna’s teachings in twelve thousand stanzas. There was also a text written by a Hinayana monk, Sendah, who refuted the validity of the Mahayana tradition that Nagarjuna upheld. Nagarjuna easily refuted these two texts along with many other texts that spread wrong views.

Once, while Nagarjuna was teaching to a great assembly, two strange men joined the teachings, bringing with them a powerful scent of sandalwood that permeated the hall. The Acharya noticed the two strangers and asked them who they were. The strangers revealed that they were nagas in disguise and that they were sons of the Naga King Taksaka. They added that they had anointed themselves with the essence of sandalwood so that they could enter into the presence of men without being repelled by their smell. Nagarjuna immediately requested for sandalwood to be carved into an image of Tara and for the nagas’ assistance in building a temple.

The Naga Princes said they would first enquire with their father and promised to revert to the Acharya. The next day, the two Naga Princes returned and sought audience with Nagarjuna, telling him that their father had agreed to help the Acharya, but only if he would follow them to the Land of the Nagas. The Acharya pondered and it dawned on him that traveling to the Naga realm would be beneficial for the welfare of all beings. Therefore, he agreed and was brought to the Land of the Nagas by the two Princes, where he was warmly received and accorded the deepest respect.

Nagarjuna discovered that the Naga King and his subjects were all inclined towards virtue. They made many offerings to the Acharya requesting him to turn the wheel of Dharma, to which the Acharya obliged, much to the delight of the Naga Kings and his subjects.

Finally, the Acharya said he needed to return and the Naga King along with subjects begged him to remain. However, Nagarjuna said he could not stay as he came to bring back the sandalwood, the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra and the Nagas’ assistance in building temples and stupas. The Naga King finally consented when the Acharya said that he might return one day.

Nagarjuna returned to the monastery, bringing with him the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra in One Hundred Thousand Verses, other abbreviated forms of the Perfection of Wisdom Sutras, and several other dharanis. The Acharya also brought back sandalwood and naga clay, and built many temples and stupas with these materials.

When the Buddha taught the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra, it was believed that the nagas took one version back to their realm for safekeeping, the gods another, and the yakshas who were lords of wealth took yet another. The version of the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra that Nagarjuna carried with him were missing the last two chapters, which were withheld by the Nagas in the hopes that he would one day return to teach them further. However, the last two chapters were filled with the last two chapters of The Eight Thousand Verse Prajnaparamita Sutra instead.

With these precious texts, Nagarjuna firmly established the Madhyamaka tradition and spread it all over India. Madhyamaka literally means ‘Middle Way’ and it quickly became the central philosophy of the Mahayana tradition. In order to perpetuate the Mahayana, the Acharya also composed various treatises and commentaries on the Perfection of Wisdom, Buddhist Logic and the Guhyasamaja Tantra.

Once, while Nagarjuna was expounding the Perfection of Wisdom Sutras, six nagas came and formed a parasol over his head to shield him from the sun – a scene which has since been immortalized in traditional depictions of him.

The first half of his name – ‘Naga’ – was derived from his close encounters with these serpentine beings. The second half of his name – ‘Arjuna’ – was given to him because of the precise manner in which he delivered his teachings, likened to the famous archer of the same name in the Hindu epic, Bhagavad-Gita. Thus with both names, he became known as Nagarjuna.

In his lifetime, Nagarjuna had many illustrious students but amongst them, there were four primary spiritual sons and three close sons. The Acharya’s four primary sons were Sakyamitra, Nagabodhi, Aryadeva and Matanga while his three close sons were Buddhapalita, Bhavaviveka and Asvagosha. The Acharya also met another of his foremost students, Chandrakirti, when he was older and said to him,

To my last disciple Chandrakirti, I shall show the ultimate Dharma which is not born.

And the Acharya taught the Sutra and Tantra to this promising student. Chandrakirti would later become highly attained and eventually propagated a view of emptiness called the Prasangika tradition based on Nagarjuna’s Madhyamaka teachings.

Nagarjuna later traveled to the Northern Continent to teach. Along the way, he came across some children playing by the wayside. Noticing one with an unusual countenance by the name of Jetaka, Nagarjuna prophesied that he would one day be a king. Then, the Acharya went on his way and did not return for many years.

By the time Nagarjuna returned, the little boy had grown up and had become the king of a large and powerful kingdom in South India. The Acharya was invited by this king to stay with him and be his tutor. This was the same king to whom Nagarjuna wrote ‘A Letter to a Friend’ and he referred to King Udayibhadra of the Shatavahana Dynasty. The Shatavahanas were patrons of the stupa in Amaravati, where Buddha had first taught The Kalachakra Tantra and which was also close to Shri Parvata, the place where Nagarjuna engaged in retreats and composed many of his great treatises.

Shatavahana Dynasty

King Udayibhadra had a son, Kumara Shaktiman, who was power hungry and wanted to become king. However, his mother told him that he could never become king until Nagarjuna died because the Acharya and the King were deeply connected.

His mother then told him to ask the Acharya for his head and since he was a Bodhisattva, he would undoubtedly consent. Nagarjuna did in fact agree, but Kumara could not decapitate him with a sword. Nagarjuna then revealed that in a previous life, he had killed an ant while cutting grass. As a karmic result, his head could only be cut off with a blade of kusha grass.

Kumara went on to procure kusha grass and decapitated Nagarjuna. It is said that the blood from the severed head turned into milk and just before dying, the Acharya said,

Now I will go to Sukhavati Pure Land, but I will enter this body again…

Kumara disposed of Nagarjuna’s head a great distance away from the body, but it is said that the head and the body are coming closer together each year and will eventually rejoin; when this happens, the Acharya will return and teach again. According to traditional accounts, Nagarjuna lived for 600 years.

Much later, when Lama Tsongkapa asked Manjushri if he could rely on Chandrakirti’s text in order to comprehend Nagarjuna’s view, Manjushri replied that Chandrakirti’s purposes in appearing on earth was to clarify Nagarjuna’s excellent view. Manjushri then added that Lama Tsongkapa could have full faith in Chandrakirti because he had clearly understood Nagarjuna’s complete view of emptiness.

Lama Tsongkapa finally gained full direct perception of emptiness through his study and meditation on Buddhapalita’s text, which was praised by Chandrakirti who shared the same view. Then, Lama Tsongkapa infused his own writings and teachings with the same, based on his own exhaustive study and divine teachings from Manjushri.

It is said that those who follow Lama Tsongkapa’s writings and lineage would be blessed by Manjushri to gain quicker realizations of emptiness. Thus, Dorje Shugden arose as a Dharma Protector to assist and protect this special uncommon lineage. That is why Dorje Shugden wears the round yellow hat, which is a physical representation of Nagarjuna’s view that he had sworn to protect.

Arya Chandrakirti, one of Nagarjuna’s foremost students

Thus, Nagarjuna is remembered and revered as the founding father of the Mahayana Tradition. The Prajnaparamita Sutras recovered from the realm of the nagas form the doctrinal basis of Nagarjuna’s Madhyamaka or Middle Way view. Its philosophical view quickly became the basis from which innumerable practitioners, yogis and great masters achieved direct perception of emptiness of inherent existence, which is known as Shunyata in Sanskrit. Realization of emptiness and Bodhichitta are the means from which a practitioner becomes fully enlightened. Therefore, the study of the Perfection of Wisdom texts and Madhyamaka from an integral part of Tibetan monastic curriculum and the doctrinal basis for contemplation and practice.

References:

1. Lobsang N. Tsonawa (1984), Indian Buddhist Pundits
2. New Delhi. Library of Tibetan Works and Archives.
3. Berzin Archives

His Holiness the 101st Ganden Tripa Jetsun Lungrik Namgyal showed great courage when he left Gaden Monastery in January 2010 to join the monks of Shar Gaden. As the former head of the Gelugpa lineage, and one who is considered an emanation of Tsongkhapa on earth, His Holiness’ decision sent shockwaves through the Tibetan Buddhist world.

The Gaden Tripas are the actual supreme authorities over the Gelug School of Buddhism for the last six hundred years. Their authority is supreme. The Gaden Tripas are erudite Scholars and the most advanced senior masters within this school of Buddhism. Their practice, teachings, lineage and authenticity is beyond questioning.

It was considered an extremely skilful move on the part of His Holiness Gaden Tripa – he left Ganden after completing his term as the Ganden Tripa (seven years), thereby demonstrating it is possible for many lamas to still be practising Dorje Shugden secretly today. He held his duties perfectly and there was no room for criticism during his tenure as supreme Gaden Tripa.

Yet besides being one of the greatest living lamas today, he is also a powerful practitioner of Dorje Shugden. He relies on Dorje Shugden as his principal Dharma protector as he has for most of his life. He shows us the practice of Shugden by the highest lamas only serves to proof further Shugden’s own enlightened nature. For those who continue to force the ban, His Holiness Gaden Tripa was also proof that their ban has not been effective as they have led everyone to believe.

We at DorjeShugden.com wish to thank His Holiness Gaden Tripa Jetsun Lungrik Namgyal for his inspiring example as one of the greatest living lamas who is complete in study, practice and results in standing up for one’s convictions, and the importance of upholding the practice of our gurus no matter the obstacles. May many more masters of his calibre continue to arise. We invite you to read about the life of this great master of our time.

This tribute is in continuation of our section here to celebrate great masters who practiced Shugden past and present. We invite to please read a short biography on the incredible and inspiring life of this Dharma King His Holiness Gaden Tripa Jetsun Lungrik Namgyal.

For more information about this great master, check out these links:

H.H. Gaden Trisur Rinpoche defects to the Dorje Shugden camp
dorjeshugden.com/?p=2991

Biographies: Trisur Rinpoche Jetsun Lungrik Namgyal Rinpoche
dorjeshugden.com/?p=6832

Interview with His Holiness the 101st Gaden Tripa Lungrik Namgyal
dorjeshugden.com/?p=12258

The Immaculate Line of Gaden Tripas, going all the way back to Lama Tsongkhapa himself
dorjeshugden.com/?p=2716

(Note: When the tenure of Gaden Tripa is completed they are addressed as Gaden Trisur Rinpoche or His Holiness Gaden Trisur Rinpoche Jetsun Lungrik Namgyal.)

All of us at dorjeshugden.com make this virtual offering of a butterlamp to the incomparable master His Holiness the 101st Ganden Tripa, requesting him to remain for another 1,000 years to continue turning the wheel of Dharma and benefiting countless beings.

Biography

His Holiness Gaden Trisur Lungrik Namgyal Rinpoche, the 101st Ganden Tripa, was born in 1927 in the Dawa region of Eastern Tibet. At the age of 8 years old, His Holiness joined the local monastery in Yangding and was consequentialy ordained as a monk.

Later His Holiness entered Gaden Shartse Norling College. While a student there Rinpoche studied Pramana Vidya (Logic), Prajnaparamita (Perfection of Wisdom), Madhyamika (Middle Way Philosophy), under the guidance of various highly attained Masters, and also received many precious teachings and empowerments of the pure Ganden lineage.

During the Chinese revolution in 1959, Rinpoche escaped to India. Arriving at ‘Ba Se’ along the border of India and Bhutan, he continued his studies and completed the Madhyamika (Middle Way Philosophy), Abhidharma (Treasury of Knowledge), and Vinaya (Spiritual Rules and Moral Law). Apart from the normal course of studies, Rinpoche often went for meditation retreats. In 1969, Rinpoche revised through the five major treaties of Buddhist philosophy and participated in the final exam at a renowned local Tibetan University, graduating in the 1st position of honor.

In 1970, a major debate exam which lasted over a period of 20 days was held. Candidates included over 30 outstanding scholars from the 3 great monasteries and other universities. Rinpoche still managed to emerge on top and the title of Geshe Lharampa was officially conferred upon him. Consequently, Rinpoche joined the Gyuto Tantric University and focused on intensive study of the Tantras.

In 1983 and 1992, the Dalai Lama appointed Rinpoche as the abbot of Gyuto Tantric University and abbot of Gaden Shartse Norling Monastery respectively. During the years of Rinpoche’s abbotship, apart from supervising the administration and discipline of the Sangha, he also conducted various pujas and teachings personally. Rinpoche’s contribution towards the monastery is widely recognised, and deeply respected by all. In 1986, these remarkable qualities inspired the Dalai Lama to choose him as the representative of Buddhism in Ecumenical Encounters of Assisi interfaith meetings convened on the initiative of Pope John Paul II in Italy.

In 1995, Rinpoche was bestowed the honorary rank of Shartse Choje (2nd rank among dignitaries of the Gelug tradition). After 6 years in that position, on January 20, 2003, the Dalai Lama, during his Kalachakra Empowerment in Bodhgaya, announced the appointment of Venerable Lungrik Namgyal as the 101 Gaden Tripa – the supreme head of the Gelug tradition, and literally, the Holder of the Throne of Tushita.

Rinpoche is one of the most qualified Buddhist teachers alive today – being highly trained in both fields of Sutra and Tantra. Rinpoche has dedicated his whole lifetime to the propagation of the Buddhadharma, and has been tirelessly visiting many parts of the world to spread the Teachings. Countries which Rinpoche has visited include – France, Spain, Switzerland, Italy, America, China, and Singapore. His Holiness Trisur Rinpoche currently lives in Paris, where he transmits precious Buddhist teachings of his lineage in Thar Due Ling Dharma center in Chelles, France which he founded in 1980.

A regular sight at His Holiness’ teachings, which see packed auditoriums and halls waiting to receive his blessings and wisdom. This photograph was taken in Taiwan, where 30,000 to 40,000 people attend His Holiness’ teachings.

His Holiness Gaden Tripa Lungrik Namgyal visiting Singapore in 2006

Jetsun Lungrik Namgyal Rinpoche taking the throne for the first time as Gaden Tripa in Gaden Lachi

More holy pictures:

Source: http://www.trisurlungriknamgyal.com/pictures/

His Holiness Kyabje Ling Choktrul Rinpoche offering a khata to His Holiness Ganden Tripa Lungrik Namgyal Rinpoche in Ganden Lachi shortly after the Venerable Lungrik Namgyal was bestowed the title of Ganden Tripa

His Eminence Khensur Jampa Yeshe offering a khata to His Holiness Ganden Tripa Lungrik Namgyal Rinpoche during a ceremony shortly after taking the throne as Gaden Tripa (2003).

His Holiness Ganden Trisur Rinpoche Lungrik Namgyal, His Eminence Kyabje Zemey Rinpoche, His Eminence Geshe Tendar Rinpoche.

His Holiness Trisur Rinpoche shortly after becoming the Ganden Tripa of the Gelug lineage.

Procession of abbots from all of the major Gelug monasteries following the enthronement of Ganden Tripa Lungrik Namgyal Rinpoche.

His Holiness Lungrik Namgyal entering Gaden Lachi for the first time as Gaden Tripa.

His Holiness Kyabje Ling Choktrul Rinpoche, His Holiness Kyabje Lati Rinpoche, His Holiness Sharpa Choeje; with the abbots of Sera Mey, Sera Jey, Rato, Tashi Lhunpo, conducting a long-life puja in honor of His Holiness Ganden Tripa Rinpoche.

His Holiness the Ganden Tripa being escorted into the hall to a long-life puja being conducted in his honour.

His Holiness the Ganden Tripa being escorted into the hall to a long-life puja being conducted in his honour.

Awaiting the start of the long-life puja ceremony.

Abbot and disciplinarian of Gaden Shartse making offerings to His Holiness Ganden Tripa Rinpoche.

From left to right: His Eminence Kyabje Lati Rinpoche, the then-abbot of Gaden Geshe Mara, His Eminence Khensur Konchok Tsering, and His Holiness Zong Choktrul Rinpoche offering a long-life puja to His Holiness Ganden Tripa Rinpoche.

His Holiness Lungrik Namgyal Rinpoche in America during his tenure as abbot of Gyuto Monastic University.

His Holiness Ganden Tripa Rinpoche attending a Dharma event in Singapore.

Teachings in Singapore.

The Gelug Lineage

The Gelug lineage was the last tradition to be formed within Tibetan Buddhism. It emerged as the pre-eminent Buddhist school in Tibet since the end of the 16th century. Lama Je Tsongkhapa is the founder of the Gelug tradition.

Lama Je Tsongkhapa was born in Tibet during a degenerating age in Buddhism (end of 14th and beginning of the 15th century) – discipline of the monks was weak and there was a general misunderstanding of the Dharma. Lama Tsongkhapa took on a revolutionary role and restored the Dharma to its original purity, with specific emphasis on monastic discipline whereupon he corrected prevalent monks’ behavior of pursuing power and riches.

Lama Tsongkhapa brought about an impactful reformation in Buddhism at that time. He promoted strict monastic discipline as the ideal basis for religious education and practice, and established monastic universities which offered strong education and spiritual training to monks. His reformation was very meaningful and was very quickly and widely accepted by people at all levels. Of the major monasteries in Tibet, Ganden Monastery (further divided into the two colleges of Ganden Shartse and Jangtse, and recently Shar Ganden) was founded by Lama Tsongkhapa himself in 1409.

The Gelug tradition advocates a solid grounding of academic study and celibate monastic discipline. Lama Tsongkhapa established sound scholarship as a prerequisite for constructive meditation; hence, the teachings of both Sutra and Tantra are subject to rigorous analysis through the medium of dialectical debate. At that time, the Gelug lineage was spreading far and wide, reaching not only Tibetan communities but also to neighboring regions, and has been flourishing ever since.

The Ganden Tripa is the Throne Holder to the seat of Lama Je Tsongkhapa and is the Spiritual Head of the Gelug order. The role of the Ganden Tripa is to continue the propigation of the pure teachings of Lord Buddha Shakyamuni, as well as promoting Tibetan Buddhism- especially the lineage of Lama Je Tsongkhapa, all over the world.

To read more about the immaculate line of Gaden Tripas, going all the way back to Lama Tsongkhapa himself, click here: dorjeshugden.com/?p=2716

NOTE: All of the information above has been extracted from His Holiness the Ganden Trisur’s website http://www.trisurlungriknamgyal.com/. We have made this information available on dorjeshugden.com so that more people may make a connection with this incomparable master of Lama Tsongkhapa’s tradition.

Videos of the Ganden Tripa