H.E. Daknak Rinpoche

In the fantasy world, we have superheroes, like Spiderman, who capture the minds of countless children everywhere with their superhuman powers and abilities. But in Tibetan Buddhism, we have super erudite and highly attained Lamas who attract thousands of followers, both ordained and lay, because of their selflessness and great compassion to benefit all beings. One such highly revered lama is H.E. the 14th Daknak Rinpoche who has thousands of followers in Tibet and Taiwan.

H.E. Daknak Rinpoche is highly respected in Taiwan, a country where Tibetan Buddhism is rare and less popular compared to the mainstream Mahayana Buddhist tradition. However, Daknak Rinpoche’s great dedication and hard work in spreading the Gelug lineage in this region eventually led to the founding of the Daknak Genden Lhundup Monastery in Taiwan.

Today, H.E. Daknak Rinpoche travels frequently between Taiwan and Tibet, and also to other countries around the world to expound the great teachings of Lama Tsongkapa and the protector Dorje Shugden. Most recently, Daknak Rinpoche personally presided over a four-day puja: a one-day Yamantaka peaceful Fire Puja and a three-day Medicine Buddha Puja.

Fire pujas are an excellent way to pacify the results of our unwholesome actions, and to clear away obstacles and challenges. In addition, the Medicine Buddha puja is a popular practice especially within Asian communities as it promotes healing and longevity.

Dedication cards were produced for both pujas, a common practice in Chinese temples across Asia where sponsors write dedications for themselves or their loved ones. It is wonderful to see aspects of local culture infused with Tibetan Buddhism in Daknak Rinpoche’s monastery.

We at DorjeShugden.com rejoice to receive such wonderful news about one of the most respected Dorje Shugden lamas of our time and we look forward to hearing more great news of H.E. Daknak Rinpoche and other great masters that in their immense compassion, selflessness and skillful means, have captured the minds of all they meet.

H.E. Daknak Rinpoche in full dakini ritual garb

Bountiful offerings for the Medicine Buddha puja

Offerings for the fire puja neatly arranged

H.E. Daknak Rinpoche performing fire puja

Handwritten dedication cards

Many of Daknak Rinpoche’s Taiwanese students attended the event

The Origins of Manjushri

The lineage of Manjushri can be traced back to the time of Buddha Shakyamuni who, in the sacred text of the Avatamsaka Sutra, mentioned that Manjushri’s actual identity is the Buddha Nageshvaraja who achieved enlightenment many eons ago in a different world system.

Of the eight great Bodhisattvas – the close sons of Buddha Shakyamuni, Manjushri is revered as the most senior; the foremost Bodhisattva who embodies the perfection of Wisdom in the Buddhist pantheon. Reading through the scriptures, one will note multiple instances where Manjushri initiates many teachings just by asking a question of Buddha Shakyamuni.

Within the Gelug refuge tree, Manjushri stands as the main lineage master of both the Kadam and Gelug schools, beginning with the Buddha Vajradhara himself and continuing in an unbroken line of enlightened masters – a pure source of unadulterated dharma, undeviating from the Buddha’s teachings.

Within the merit field, Manjushri also appears as the leader of the lineage of Pervasive View, the patriarch of Arya Nagarjuna who founded the Middle Way and the Mahayana school of Buddhism. The word “Pervasive” means that this view is free from extremes and is unbiased; it is objectively based on benefit and takes no sides. “View” refers to the correct view of all phenomenon and the Dharma. This school of thought emphasizes the methods of memorization, understanding, debate and contemplation to realize in depth the meaning of the Buddha’s words of wisdom.

Within Tantra, Manjushri is a lineage master of many tantric texts and lineages, predominantly those of the father tantras such as Guhyasamaja. For instance, Manjushri takes on the form of Yamantaka who is the Opponent of the Lord of Death, and whose tantric system focuses on transforming one’s gross and subtle consciousness into qualities of enlightenment. The Yamantaka Tantra is the only tantra that promises salvation within a single lifetime for those who have committed the five heinous crimes: drawing blood from a Buddha, killing an Arhat, killing one’s mother or father, and creating schism within the Sangha community.

Just like the process of turning dirt into diamonds, the practice is arduous and even dangerous, but promises to grant enlightenment within the shortest possible period of time based on one’s karmic dispositions. As we enter the last few hundred years of the reign of Buddha Shakyamuni’s teachings, Yamantaka’s blessings continue to remain potent, thus allowing sentient beings to purify their misdeeds and gain the necessary attainments to achieve enlightenment through his practice. Such is the power and blessings of Manjushri in this day and time.

The Father of All Buddhas

Mahasiddha Geshe Tsultrim Gyaltsen

In many stainless tantric texts, Manjushri is praised as the Father of All Buddhas. This does not mean that Manjushri is the biological father of all Buddhas; rather, it means that the wisdom energy that he embodies is necessary for one to achieve enlightenment.

The Buddhas are considered to be the perfection of two collections – Merit and Wisdom, with Manjushri serving as the Father (Wisdom) component of enlightenment. Thus, it is clear that Manjushri is an essential part of one’s spiritual practice. The great Mahasiddha Geshe Tsultrim Gyaltsen of Ganden Monastery once expounded that:

Enlightenment is not possible without Manjushri.

Again, Manjushri above does not refer to the deity but to what he embodies: Wisdom.

The realization of Wisdom arises from study, contemplation and practice. With time and consistency, knowledge, combined with intense contemplation and put into practice gives rise to realizations. The more we realize, the less ignorance there is in our minds. Hence, that is why there are ten levels of Bodhisattvahood: the more we realize, the less clouded we become and the greater our attainments.

How Understanding Relates to Manjushri

The 21st century has blessed us with education and spoiled us with an array of convenient technology. With such convenience comes distraction from spiritual practice. As humanity looks further outwards for happiness and fulfillment, it becomes ever more unattainable. Why?

Happiness, fulfillment, peace and harmony are inherently within us but are clouded by negative habits and past karmas from a different time. Convenience and the consequent distractions are the outer karmic formation of obstacles, while the inner karmic formation of obstacles arises through laziness, a desire for comfort, delusions, and wrong views.

Modern education builds one’s IQ while developing one’s EQ and human sensitivities. There are many levels of education and each level enables us to learn and develop our character and personality with time. With this foundation, there is a possibility for us to tap into our spiritual selves and evolve from there.

Thus, the very foundation of thinking, logic and reasoning correlates with what Manjushri represents. His practice is essential because by propitiating Manjushri on a daily basis, outwardly we are able to clear the obscurations within our mind, thus enabling us to see clearly who we are and where we are going. At a deeper level, his practice provides a source of inspiration, power and fuel for one’s spiritual journey.

Having understood the concept of Manjushri, we shall now delve into the various aspects of Manjushri which we can tap into to achieve our highest potential.

Manjushri as Guru

Large Manjushri Thangka unveiled in Tibet

Throughout time immemorial since the advent of Buddhism, Manjushri has manifested in many forms both celestial and mortal, animate and inanimate, to guide all sentient beings out of the cycle of transmigration. He has taken on the form of Bodhisattvas, Mahasiddhas and even ordinary beings, as if in a drama, to suit the propensities of each and every individual.

In the Mahayana Tradition, an important aspect of Manjushri is that of the Guru, who guides the spiritual aspirant onto the path of practice and realization. Manjushri, in his various forms, has been the Guru of many prominent masters of ancient India and Tibet. He “saved” Bushuku or Shantideva from being jeered at by members of his entire monastery; he manifested to Je Tsongkapa throughout his life, giving guidance and direction; he even manifested as a poor lady with a child in Five Peaked Mountain (Wutaishan) to teach modesty and humility.

The role of the Guru, regardless of whether the spiritual aspirant spends every waking moment with him, or just one teaching occasion, is a key factor in opening one’s seeds of enlightenment. With the sincere efforts of the spiritual aspirant, the Guru is able to guide and expedite the achievement enlightenment within a short span of time, as compared with that of a Sravaka.

Within the snowy lands of Tibet, Manjushri has manifested three times to turn the Dharma wheel, first as the great teacher-yogi Longchenpa, a Nyingma master of both Sutra and Tantra. His major work, the Seven Treasures, contains 600 years of the Buddha’s teachings and he was a crucial link between the learning of Sutra and Tantra. Longchenpa established the Dzogchen teachings which are still widely practiced today within the Nyingma school.

Sakya Pandita

The second manifestation of Manjushri in Tibet was the great Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyaltsen. His coming was foretold by many great masters including Guru Rinpoche. At a young age, he spoke in Sanskrit and could recite the texts from memory without ever having laid eyes on them.

With due diligence, he reenacted the Vinaya, the code of conduct of Buddhism and widely preserved and proliferated the Sutric and Tantric teachings. Sakya Pandita was the father figure of the Sakya school and the teachings of Lamdre originated from him.

The third turning of the Wheel of Dharma in Tibet by Manjushri was through Je Tsongkapa Lobsang Drakpa himself. Born amidst auspicious omens, Lama Tsongkapa dedicated his entire life to the preservation of the Dharma, especially the Vinaya, Sutras and Tantras, during a time when the Dharma had degenerated in Tibet.

His views and cohesiveness in the Dharma silenced a nation of false orators and reestablished the Banner of Victory in Tibet. His deeds spread far and wide, to China, Turkestan, Mongolia and even to the Land of the Aryas – India. Subsequently, Ganden, Drepung and Sera monasteries became the beacon of light and hope for those who wished to study and contemplate on the teachings of Buddha Shakyamuni.

Je Tsongkapa further united the Tibetan nation with the Grand Prayer festival (Monlam Chenmo) by making vast offerings to the Buddhas at Jokhang Temple day and night during the month of Miracles. Such was his fame and glory and through his works, the essence of Dharma is preserved until today.

Evidently, the manifestations of Guru Manjushri are innumerable, as Manjushri further emanates as disciples, geshes, humble monks and yogis in order to undertake the tasks of a Guru. But to cite the three main figures to invoke one’s faith is as necessary as feeding oneself to avoid starvation.

If we have pure view and faith in the Buddha Dharma, it is not difficult for us to see the outer Guru Manjushri, whose work invokes the inner Guru Manjushri, so that we can realize the Secret nature of Manjushri which is total enlightenment.

Manjushri the Yidam

From the assembly of meditational deities who exist to tame and set our minds on the path of fruition, Manjushri also appears in different forms and aspects according to the time, people and dispositions. He manifests as a Yidam in all four classes of Tantras to suit the needs of practitioners.

In the Kriya Tantras, Manjushri appears at the entry level to overcome difficulties for the practitioner in order to set their minds on the path of spiritual practice. These manifestations arise in different forms, each enacting different activities ranging from destroying terminal diseases, plagues and sicknesses to overcoming mundane problems of poverty, unhealthy relationships and more. The list goes on.

With the practitioner’s problems on their way to resolution, the next class of tantra, the Charya Tantras, kicks into play. Here, Manjushri creates conducive conditions for spiritual growth, bringing resources and clearing obstructive factors in order for us to ground ourselves in Buddhist study and practice. In the intermediate and advanced levels, practitioners develop the views and realizations of Renunciation and the Bodhi Mind with Manjushri’s assistance.

The third class of tantra is the Yoga tantras, which prepares the practitioner’s body and mind for the Highest Anuttara Yoga Tantra teachings. Manjushri manifests as the ferocious Yamantaka, complete with many hands carrying various weapons and legs trampling on different forms of opposing forces. At this point, the practitioner’s devotion to the Guru has to be firm like a rock, and his understanding of the Lamrim has to be deep in order to engage in this sacred practice, which propels the practitioner towards enlightenment in the swiftest manner possible.

Manjushri the Protector

Dorje Shugden statue in Trode Khangsar

As with all things in life, we need security, assurance and a guiding hand to help us move in the right direction. Dharma protectors in general protect the Buddha Dharma from all forms of destruction; they protect the Gurus and lineage masters as they are holders of the Dharma; they protect monasteries, nunneries and all forms of Dharma institutions as they are seats where the Dharma will flourish; they protect practitioners of the Dharma because all of us have the potential to gain Dharma realizations.

Dharma protectors guard the practitioner’s three doors – body, speech and mind – so that we may avoid transgressions which will slow down our progress towards enlightenment. Once again, Manjushri manifests as different dharma protectors to guard different aspects of the Dharma. For instance, Four-Faced Mahakala guards the Heruka tantras, while Dharmaraja Kalarupa guards the Lower Scope of the Lamrim as well as the Yamantaka Tantras.

Manjushri in the form of Dorje Shugden manifests as a Dharma protector of Je Tsongkapa’s teachings, to preserve the lineage and the practitioners who have entered into the teachings of the Second Buddha Je Tsongkapa, who is also none other than Manjushri.

As Dorje Shugden, Manjushri uses skillful means to guide sentient beings to enlightenment. The four emanations of Manjushri Dorje Shugden bestow activities of pacification, increase, control and wrath to bless sentient beings with animate and inanimate resources, thus fulfilling their secular and spiritual needs. In doing so, as more and more people are set on the path of realization, the Dharma grows in terms of study, contemplation and practice.

From Manjushri, we realize the need for compassion. From Manjushri, we realize the need for skillful means and protection. From Manjushri, we realize and achieve wisdom. Hence, Manjushri is most relevant and prevalent in spiritual practices for the people of today. This does not mean the other Buddhas and Bodhisattvas are not useful but rather the time and disposition of beings today need Manjushri more.

Particularly in the early days of exile, a number of claims were made about the centrality of the practice of Dorje Shugden in Geluk practice, in particular, that the deity was the main protector of the Geluk.

This claim seems to be strongly linked to a doctrine connected with the 19th and 20th century charismatic Geluk teacher Phabongkha Rinpoche Dechen Nyingpo, and quite possibly his main teacher Tagphu Dorje Chang who emphasised “one lama, one personal meditation deity, and one protector” as being the essence of Geluk practice. It will therefore be looked at in that context.

One Protector

Quite clearly, as the Geluk tradition was founded by Je Tsongkhapa in the early 15th century and the non-canonical protector deity Dorje Shugden did not manifest until 1657, that deity’s practice could not have been the main protector practice of the Geluk for the first 250 years of the tradition.

The main protectors of the tradition until then, and the plural is important here, seem to have been the following:

• The canonical supramundane protector Karmaraja, locatable in the Yamantaka tantra cycle of the ‘father’ subdivision of the peerless yoga tantras and within that in the practices of Vajrabhairava;
• The canonical supramundane protector Six-Armed Mahakala, locatable in the ‘Vajra Tent’ tantra text in the Heruka cycle of the ‘mother’ subdivision of the peerless yoga tantra division;
• The canonical supramundane deity Vaishravana in the aspect of riding a lion and holding an umbrella in his right hand and a jewel spitting mongoose in his left.
• Later, but still before the appearance of the deity Dorje Shugden, the canonical supramundane deity Palden Lhamo Magzor Gyalmo became a protector of the Geluk. A clear date for this has not yet been established but may well turn out to be after the vision of the 2nd Dalai Lama, where Guru Rinpoche Padmasambhava instructed him to take Palden Lhamo as a personal protector. Certainly by the late 17th and early 18th century, her practice was well established across the Geluk. What is important to note here is that all these are supramundane and that they are shared in common with the other Sarma traditions of Sakya and Kagyu.

None is exclusive to the Geluk. From the surviving collected writings of great teachers in the Geluk tradition, there is documentary evidence of continued interest in the practice of all these deities as dharma protectors right up until the present day.

Some of them also have functions as institutional protectors. For example, Palden Lhamo is the chief protector deity for Ganden Jangtse college and the practice of Palden Lhamo is a chief practice of the protector chapel for Drepung Lhachi, i.e. the totality of that monastery.

Apart from a few, often oblique references criticising the practice by certain lamas, the first surviving documentary evidence we have of the widespread worship of Dorje Shugden in the Geluk comes from the first half of the 20th century and seems due to the activities of Phabongkha Rinpoche Dechen Nyingpo.

The 3rd Trijang Rinpoche was collating material in his Labrang before exile, and managed to reconstitute some of his collection in exile, where he wrote quite extensively on the practice of Dorje Shugden. It may be that in the library of his Labrang in Ganden there are original dateable documents from before Phabongkhapa.

Much of the 3rd Trijang’s interesting work on Dorje Shugden is the collation of oral tradition around the practice of the deity. The weight of evidence so far available suggests that the practice of Dorje Shugden as either a worldly oath-bound protector or as an emanation of a fully enlightened being was mainly a private protector practice, with few institutions in the Geluk monasteries doing this as a regular practice.

One obvious example until very recently was the Bomra regional house of Sera Mey college. There were Dorje Shugden shrines in both Sera and Ganden monasteries in old Tibet and in exile, it seems that a three dimensional model of his mandala house had been built at Ganden.

But such is the loss of documentation due to the ravages of the cultural revolution that it is not at all clear how long Dorje Shugden shrines had been established in those monasteries in old Tibet or how well patronised they were in terms of numbers. Both clearly had wealthy sponsors but that does not necessarily equate to numbers.

The evidence that the practice of Dorje Shugden was the main protector of the Geluk simply does not stack up. It seems that for the Geluk as a whole and as an institution, the three then four canonical supramundane deities from the early days have remained the main dharma protectors of the tradition.

One Personal Deity

The one personal deity claimed as central for the Geluk is the practice of the aspect of Vajrayogini that comes through Naropa, known as ‘Naro Khacho’. The practice of Vajrayogini cannot be accessed except through an initiation into a Heruka deity.

Nowadays in Tibetan Buddhism, this seems mainly to be through the system of the five deity Heruka mandala in the tradition of Tilbupa. Looking at the tantra masters in the prayers to the lineage masters of this Vajrayogini lineage produced in the 19th and 20th centuries before coming into exile, Je Tsongkhapa is noticeable by his absence and it would seem that the practice came into the Geluk from the Sakya not through Tsongkhapa.

The issue of who does and who does not get included in lineage prayers is in itself a topic of great interest as until recently it was extremely unlikely that any given tantra practitioner of note really only had one master in the practice. 

More likely he would have studied different aspects of the practice and received different transmissions and oral instructions connected with the practice from a number of tantra masters. This scattering of transmission lineages between teachers is often deliberate, being one way to ensure that transmissions are not severed by untimely death of the only holder.

If we look at the surviving documentary evidence of Tsonghapa’s collected works, it would seem that Je Tsongkhapa had a deep interest in the 32 deity Akshobhyavajra Guhyasamaja tantra system, the 13 deity Vajrabhairava system and the 62 deity Heruka Cakrasamvara system and made these three practices the core of Geluk tantra practice.

Again the plural is significant. It was of these three mandalas that Tsongkhapa had three dimensional models made in a special temple in Ganden, the seat of his tradition. It is these three practices that constitute the core of the ritual training in the two surviving tantra colleges of Gyu Toh and Gyu Med and constituted the core of the tradition at Sey Gyu dratsang at Sey in the Tsang province of old Tibet.

The transmission lineage of this last practice has been badly damaged and it is not clear whether it can be reestablished fully either in exile or in Tibet. But the other two tantric colleges have been successfully reestablished and continue to ensure the survival of these key tantra practices within the Geluk.

In the Geluk it is the recitation of these practices by the tantric monks from these two colleges that is considered the best way to consecrate a temple. Of the three tantras traditionally Guhyasamaja is held as the main practice, Vajrabhairava as a preliminary and obstacle removing practice and the 62 deity Chakrasamvara as an enhancing practice.

Vajrayogini in the form of Naro Khacho is a branch practice off the Cakrasamvara cycle of practices. The tradition holds that if the number of core tantric practices of Je Tsongkhapa is taken as four then the practice of Kalacakra should be taken as the fourth. If it expanded to five then the practice of Mahacakra Guhya(ka)adipati should be added as the fifth.

Again the weight of the evidence seems to show that Naro Khacho Vajrayogini never was the core or sole tantric practice of the Geluk, though much admired and taken up by some individuals as their main personal meditational deity. It seems that from very early on, the main or core personal meditation deity practices of the Geluk were 32 deity Akshobhyavajra Guhyasamaja, 13 deity Vajrabhairava and 62 deity Heruka Cakrasamvara.

The Dragri line of incarnations was significant enough for Trijang Dorje Chang, who is Heruka himself, to take an interest in them. Revealing the origins of this ancient lineage, Trijang Rinpoche wrote that the incarnations were some of the most profound Indian masters including Arhat Kanakavatsa (a direct disciple of Shakyamuni), King Chandrabhadra, and Pamting Ngawang Chugje and Gonpo Sonam Coden of Tibet. However, lacking in a formal recognition system, these incarnations did not carry the Dragri name.

More recently, the line of incarnations to carry the Dragri name began with Dragri Gyatso Thaye who was born in the first half of the 18th century. He was followed by Lobsang Chojor and Lobsang Thubten Namgyal, both born in the 19th century, and then by Lobsang Nyengyu Lungrig Gyatso who was born in the 20th century.

The traditional seat of the Dragri line was at Dragri hermitage located not far from Sera Monastery where Gyatso Thaye and many of his disciples such as Retreng Tritul Tenpa Rabgye studied. The hermitage, with formal buildings and structures, was founded by Gyatso Thaye. The location however, has always had a spiritual significance from as far back as the 7th century, when Buddhism first came to Tibet.

The hermitage was located close to Pabongka Monastery and Chuzang Hermitage. In fact, Gyatso Thaye was once the abbot of Pabongka Monastery, thus earning him the name Pabongka Gyatso Thaye. Dragri Rinpoche was also abbot of Garu Nunnery, taking charge in 1792 and continuing to take charge over successive lifetimes.

Gyatso Thaye’s incarnations were also famed for other aspects of Dharma practice and teachings. Lobsang Chojor, the incarnation immediately after Gyatso Thaye, became a lineage holder of the Solitary Hero Yamantaka practice from the Gelugpa lineage. The third incarnation of the Dragri line, Lobsang Thubten Namgyal, became one of Pabongka Dechen Nyingpo Rinpoche’s teachers.

By Gyatso Thaye’s time, there already existed notes and complete rituals written by Morchen Kunga Lhundrup and Drukpa Kunley propitiating Dorje Shugden. However, Gyatso Thaye was requested by his student Retreng Tritul Tenpa Rabgye to compose an extensive kangsol invoking Dorje Shugden’s blessings.

Thus Gyatso Thaye composed the Treasury of the Four Activities: Complete with Offerings, Praises, Fulfilment and Requests to the Dharmapala Dorje Shugden Tsel which was published in the Dorje Shugden sebum. This ritual was to become the first official extensive Gelug kangsol of Dorje Shugden in the Gelugpa lineage, calling upon him to protect the Gelug lineage and doctrine. Before this text, practitioners would refer to compositions written by older masters such as Morchen Dorje Chang, Dreuley and the Sakya Throne Holders who had been the first to officially propitiate him.

It is important to know that this kangsol was composed by Gyatso Thaye as early on as the 18th century, long before Pabongka Rinpoche. This completely counters the modern critics who claim that Dorje Shugden’s practices only came into prominence because Pabongka Rinpoche promoted it aggressively in the 20th Century.

To our dear friends,

It is becoming rarer and rarer today for us to come across stories of highly accomplished Dharma masters like those of the historical Buddhist legends.

However, highly attained practitioners are still very much in our midst. Attached for your reading pleasure, contemplation and interest is an article of a particularly special Dharma practitioner and the fascinating story of how he had tried to save another deeply respected and well-loved figure of the Buddhist world.

We hope this story will be of much inspiration to you, your Dharma community and the growth of Dharma in the 10 directions.
With many prayers for continued success and happiness in all your endeavours,

Sincerely,
dorjeshugden.com
dorjeshugden.net

How Gen Nyima tried to save His Holiness the 98th Gaden Tripa

This is the story of two great lamas, one with the highest recognition in the land and one without any ranks, titles or positions. It is also a story about Guru devotion, humility, bodhicitta, and the power of our Dharma Protector Dorje Shugden, combined with the very samsaric elements of selfishness and betrayal. It is a story known only to very few people and has never been made public before.

In the late 1980s, His Holiness the 98th Ganden Tripa Jampel Shenpen Rinpoche of Gaden Jangtse Monastery was very ill. High lamas and senior geshes were constantly doing pujas for him, praying for his swift recovery and good health, but to no avail. No rituals, medicines or treatment seemed to have any effect. His Holiness continued to be in pain and suffer respiratory problems.

Before he was incapacitated by his illness, His Holiness was often seen circumambulating the whole monastery. Even in his old age, he would make the nearly-daily effort to complete the 45-minute lingkor path that circled both Ganden Jangtse and Shartse – accompanied by two attendants, one of whom was carrying a chair, His Holiness would take a few steps and then sit to catch his breath. In this way and many others, His Holiness inspired countless Sangha and laypeople to continue with their practices, no matter the obstacles.

A soft-spoken man who was noted for his dedication to the Dharma, His Holiness’s illness worried the entire monastic community. This episode took place before the ban on Dorje Shugden so there were no distinctions between practitioners of any sort – the whole of Ganden, as well as Drepung and Sera, were united in their worry for His Holiness’ declining health.

This is the first part of our story. The second part takes places in nearby Bhutan, a Buddhist country of the Drukpa Kagyu lineage (There’s nothing wrong with the Drukpa Kagyu School of Buddhism or Bhutan, but there are some people who claim to be Buddhists but in fact delve in negative practices from their uncontrolled jealousy). It concerns the actions of one seemingly unremarkable monk called Gen Nyima. “Gen” is Tibetan for teacher, and it is a term of respect accorded to monks who are without rank or title.

Gen Nyima was studying in Ganden Shartse Monastery when he ran away just before his Geshe examinations. When asked why he left the monastery, Gen Nyima replied saying he was not interested in titles, recognition or degrees. He had joined the monastery to study and learn the Dharma, and now all he wanted to do was practice. Once he learned up he retreated to the mountains to practice.

After leaving the monastery, Gen Nyima made his way to the capital city of Bhutan where he began his meditative practices. Soon, word spread that a lama with incredible powers was in town, and he could give blessings and heal people.

As increasing numbers of people came to visit Gen Nyima, he began to feel he had lost the solitude and quiet he wanted for his practices. Thus disinterested in fame, Gen Nyima decided to leave and seek a more remote location to concentrate on his practice. He packed up his very few belongings and set out for the Bhutanese countryside, a pristine landscape of forest rendered uninhabitable by wild animals and the sheer density of the trees. When Gen Nyima could go no further, he stopped and set up camp by a river.

Gen Nyima proceeded to build himself a house. Measuring little more than 6ft by 3ft, the house was furnished by one bed, a small table, a large butterlamp, a small thangka of Tsongkhapa and a picture of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. As for the rest of his possessions, Gen-la kept them in a plastic bag, tied up and hooked onto a nail hammered in the wall.

In this simple setting, Gen Nyima would rise at 3am to recite Ganden Lhagyama and Migtsema, and then begin his meditation on Yamanataka until sunrise. He would break to have his breakfast, then resume his meditation until noon when he would break for lunch. After lunch, Gen Nyima would meditate on Yamantaka until sunset, when he had his dinner and after dinner, he would meditate on Yamantaka again until bedtime. Gen Nyima spent 15 years like this in his little house, meditating on just one yidam.

Slowly but surely, news of a holy monk living in the forest filtered out and eventually, Gen Nyima found his peace and quiet disturbed once again. Stories about Gen-la performing miraculous healings and giving extremely accurate divinations began to spread. There were also stories about Gen Nyima demonstrating his attainments to spread the Dharma.

Once there were some hunters in the forest looking for deer. They came across a large, nearly-white deer and gave chase. After chasing for some time, they saw the deer run into Gen Nyima’s small house. They ran up to the house and inside, they found Gen Nyima sitting on his bed, panting heavily and sweating. Realizing what they had just witnessed, they immediately prostrated. Gen Nyima then proceeded to teach them about the virtues of not killing.

Stories like these that led droves of people to visit Gen Nyima. It was around this time that the Queen Mother of Bhutan was ill and needed medical assistance. Hearing about a holy monk in the forest who might be able to help, she sought him out. Through the enlightened power of Yamantaka, Gen-la healed her and she was so enthralled by his abilities, that her family built roads leading right up to his house! Gen Nyima didn’t want the roads, but the Queen Mother built it so many more may access Gen Nyima easily!

Gen Nyima remained in Bhutan for a few more years until Ganden Jangtse Monastery and His Holiness the Dalai Lama sent word requesting for his return to India so that he might inspire others through his Dharmic example.

Thus Gen Nyima returned to Ganden. Back in India, Gen-la continued to heal people and provide them with accurate divination results. When asked how he did it, Gen Nyima only had one answer – when the monks asked Gen-la how he healed people, he replied, “Yamantaka.” When they asked him who he propitiated for divinations, he replied, “Hlamo.” Then the monks understood that Gen Nyima had attained Yamantaka.

In fact, sometimes Gen Nyima was asked why he didn’t go for any of the pujas that the monastery conducted daily, which was compulsory to everyone. Gen-la said he didn’t know how to do the pujas as he never took the time to learn. Of course some were incredulous – how on earth could this old monk NOT know how to do the pujas, which were some of the easiest on the monastic curriculum? Gen Nyima told them he didn’t need anyone else; he only needed Yamantaka and would proceed to give them an explanation of Yamantaka’s accoutrements to show how Yamantaka fulfilled different purposes equivalent to different pujas.

In this way, Gen Nyima lived in Ganden until a few years later, when His Holiness the 98th Ganden Tripa Jampel Shenpen became sick. Hundreds of monks, lay people and local Indian people would come to Gen Nyima for healing and obtain great results. Villagers whose livelihood depended on crops would be at the mercy of the weather. If too much rain crops would die and if no rain, the crops would dry up. Such was their lot. As a result many of the villagers at times would request Gen Nyima to stop the rain or cause rain to fall.

Gen Nyima would blow Yamantaka’s mantra into the sky from his small veranda in Gaden and in front of many witnesses cause rainfall or stop it within minutes of blowing. This spectacle was spoken about by many who knew Gen Nyima already gained very high attainments. Many young tulku candidates were brought to Gen Nyima and he would successfully find the unmistaken incarnation of many lamas of Gaden, Sera and Drepung. Gen Nyima himself did not practice Dorje Shugden. He said he didn’t need to, but he clearly said, Dorje Shugden is a Buddha and there is no two ways about it. No debates. Those who practice Shugden are fine.

At this point, our two stories merge. After many pujas and treatments for His Holiness, he was not getting any better. Worried for his well-being and not knowing what else to do, some monks approached Gen Nyima for a divination. They wanted to know what was going on and why His Holiness was manifesting a sickness that could not heal.

Without hesitation, Gen Nyima did a divination. He told them that because they were unsettled by the popularity of the Tibetan Gelugpa monks, some Bhutanese lamas had performed a powerful ritual using His Holiness the 98th Ganden Tripa’s image. Gen Nyima said that the image was placed in the centre, surrounded by four phurbas (ritual daggers) pointing away into the four cardinal directions. The image of Gaden Tripa was buried under the ground ritually.

Gen Nyima said this was why His Holiness was so ill, and why he could not be healed using conventional medicines. There were only two ways to heal him: (1) to find the image, dig it up and have it ritually destroyed or (2) to perform a Dorje Shugden massive three day torgya puja.

So now we come to the part where you all wonder why the monastery had not yet performed the fire puja for His Holiness, and this is where betrayal is introduced into the story.

The divination had been requested by His Holiness’ main attendant who is now in US, a monk we will only identify as Tashi. Aside from our source who found out by chance, Tashi had not told anyone else of the divination results. And because it is not the general Tibetan custom to enquire into other people’s affairs, no one had thought twice to question Tashi about what else he was doing for the sake of His Holiness the Ganden Tripa’s health.

Thus the subject of the divination and its results was never brought up. Tashi chose to look politically correct instead of saving his lama Gaden Tripa. Gen Nyima clearly said he told Tashi that a Shugden 3-day Torgya must be done. Very urgent. If not done, no other pujas can help His Holiness Gaden Tripa to recover and he will not recover. Gen Nyima related this story himself. Tashi had many other pujas done, but Gaden Tripa passed away within a few months.

Therefore Tashi knew how to save the Ganden Tripa but decided against following the divination results because some years ago, during the start of the ban, Tashi had decided he wanted to be on the ‘correct’ side. He advised people to dispose of all their Dorje Shugden images and repeatedly told people to follow His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s instructions not to worship the Protector. His motivation was not devotion towards the Dalai Lama, but to look politically correct.

Therefore to follow Gen Nyima’s divination was a matter of embarrassment for Tashi, because people would have asked why he kept telling everyone not to practice Dorje Shugden but then suddenly arranged for a Dorje Shugden fire puja to save his lama. Tashi was not willing to risk this embarrassment, and felt it was more important to remain ‘clean’ in the eyes of the Tibetan government and save himself. Tashi himself did not like Shugden even before the ban and would often criticize hundreds of monks in Gaden who worshipped Dorje Shugden. Tashi would criticize Dorje Shugden and created much hard feelings with his divisive speech among the sangha adding to his lack of popularity. In general many did not like Tashi and also wondered why H.H. Gaden Tripa would keep him as an attendant. But would not dare question Gaden Tripa as per Tibetan etiquette.

And when His Holiness the Ganden Tripa finally passed away after his protracted illness, Tashi was in America. It wasn’t until two to three weeks later, and after much effort to communicate with him, did Tashi reluctantly return to Ganden to oversee His Holiness’ funeral rites by the Monastery. The Ganden Tripa’s funeral was a big deal too. As the former head of the Gelugpa lineage, His Holiness’ funeral would see the highest lamas of the Tibetan Buddhist schools attending his funeral ceremony. In fact, the Dalai Lama was going to send envoys to represent him at the funeral, such was the Ganden Tripa’s high standing in the monastic community. Such a grand (and therefore complex) occasion would require a lot of planning and hard work. It would require Tashi to be present every step of the way to ensure his Lama received the proper funerary customs that he deserved. This was something Tashi was apparently reluctant to oversee. In fact, immediately after His Holiness’ funeral, Tashi returned back to the United States and has not been heard from since.

This incident happened in the late 1980s, when the Dorje Shugden ban was coming into place. On reading this story, we wish to make a few points clear:

1. Gen Nyima’s example shows that humility is the basis of all attainments, and not rank or title
2. There are good attendants and bad attendants, just like there are good lay practitioners and bad ones. What matters in the face of our lama’s well-being and the growth of his work, is the devotion that students pay to him, no matter the obstacles
3. Despite the power of the ritual performed against His Holiness the Ganden Tripa, in Gen Nyima’s divination, the only deity who could save the Ganden Tripa was Dorje Shugden.
4. Since the start of the ban, the Tibetan government has been creating schism within the Sangha, and indirectly and directly harming their lives

In raising awareness of this incident, may any merits thus amassed be dedicated to the lifting of the ban on Dorje Shugden. May all lamas live long, with students and attendants who prolong their life and truly assist in the propitiation of Lama Tsongkhapa’s holy tradition. And may all Dorje Shugden practitioners live long, develop bodhicitta and pure faith in the Dharma so that they may gain attainments, and free themselves and all sentient beings from samsara.

~ by dorjeshugden.com ~

Ra Lotsawa Dorje Drak

A Yamantaka Pioneer

One of the previous lives of Dorje Shugden is the renowned lama Ra Lotsawa Dorje Drak, who was most famous for introducing the powerful Yamantaka tantras to Tibet.

This great translator was born in the year 1016 in Nyenam, at a place called Nangyul, which runs through an important Nepali-Tibetan trade route. His father was known as Raton Konchok Dorje and his mother was Dorje Peldzom. He had a special connection with Palden Lhamo and was believed to be held in her robes for two months as she travelled across Tibet to celebrate his birth. Ra Lotsawa’s father was also a Nyingma lineage holder of Yangdak Heruka and Vajrakila, which he eventually passed down to his son.

At fourteen, Ra Lotsawa made his first trip to Kathmandu, arriving in the historic city of Patan during a tumultuous period. Scholars dispute many details of his earlier life at this point of his hagiography. However, he was believed to have attended the Fire Dragon Religious Conference that convened in 1076 under the patronage of King Tsede, the nephew of the famous Jangchub Ö of the old Guge Kingdom of Western Tibet. The conference was a meeting of many great Indian and Tibetan Lamas in order to spur new and more accurate translation works.

Shortly after attending the conference, Ra Lotsawa travelled to Kashmir with five other young companions including the famous Ngok Lotsawa Loden Sherab and Nyen Lotsawa Dharma Drak. According to the Blue Annals, he was to eventually come under the tutelage of Nepalese guru Bharo Chakdum, an adept of the Vajrayogini and Yamantaka Tantric systems. Ra Lotsawa would receive both initiations on his first visit.

Ra Lotsawa also prostrated himself before Mahakaruna, a master that was in the line of Naropa’s lineage of disciples and received a number of initiations from him including Cakrasamvara and Manjushri Namasamgiti. On the same visit, he refuted the doctrine of a Shaivite master and then defeated him in the magical battle that ensued.

Upon returning to Tibet, Ra Lotsawa began to propagate the Tantric systems that he had acquired from his gurus. At that time, the buffalo-headed yidam, Yamantaka, defied the Tibetans’ preconceived notions of what a yidam should look like. Therefore, Ra Lotsawa faced much opposition from ordinary practitioners as well as high lamas, who could not believe that Yamantaka was an authentic Buddhist practice. Many of these lamas engaged Ra Lotsawa in a showdown of arcane powers.

One such lama who opposed Ra Lotsawa was Khon Sakya Lodro, a lineage holder of Yangdak Heruka and Vajrakila who accused Ra Lotsawa of propagating a non-Buddhist teaching that would lead practitioners to hell. This culminated with Ra Lotsawa killing the Sakya lama with the Yamantaka killing rite. At the same time, eyewitnesses reported seeing a vision of Yamantaka in the sky wielding the 58-deity mandala of Yangdak Heruka. This was widely interpreted to denote Yamantaka’s superiority and power. The Sakya lama’s disciples and sponsors then turned to Ra Lotsawa to be their master.

Later, Ra Lotsawa engaged in a battle of arcane powers with Langlab Jangchub Dorje, another powerful and important lineage master of Vajrakila. Ra Lotsawa originally went to pay his respects to this master but was dismissed as a non-Buddhist practitioner of arcane magic. Ra Lotsawa was initially defeated in the ensuing battle and as a result, his disciples were slain by the lama’s divine power. Soon after, Tara appeared to Ra Lotsawa, urging him to return to Nepal to seek out his lama for further instructions. After receiving the necessary teachings from Bharo Chakdum and his other gurus, Ra Lotsawa made a second trip down south, travelling all the way to Nalanda Monastery in India to seek ordination. Upon his return to Tibet, Ra Lotsawa entered another battle and emerged victorious after slaying Langlab Jangchub Dorje.

Upon hearing about Ra Lotsawa’s deeds, the famous Go Lotsawa challenged the authenticity of Ra Lotsawa’s lamas and was said to have entered a battle of psychic powers. Go Lotsawa drew on arcane rites from the Guhyasamaja Tantras in his battle with Ra Lotsawa that involved many villagers. In a display of divine wrath, Go Lotsawa was slain in the ensuing battle along with the villagers that had made false accusations against Ra Lotsawa.

According to his hagiography, Ra Lotsawa dispatched a total of thirteen lamas that challenged his lineage. Among them were translator Gyu Monlam Drakpa, the translator of the Cakrasaṃvara Samvarodaya Tantras, Go Lotsāwa Khupa Letse, the translator of the Guhyasamāja Tantras, and Marpa Chokyi Lodro’s son, Darma Dode. To ordinary view, these may appear to be assassinations but in actuality, the lamas were playing out divine roles to highlight the superiority of the Yamantaka Tantras and to eliminate the opposition that Ra Lotsawa was facing in propagating them.

Amongst his great deeds, Ra Lotsawa was known to have renovated many temples in southern Tsang and Lhato, along with Samye, Tibet’s first monastery, which was damaged by a fire in the year 986. He also sponsored numerous new translation works, the copying and recitation of sacred scriptures, and the installation of Buddha statues.

The interview is conducted on the occasion of His Holiness the 101th Ganden Tripa’s first official visit to Singapore.

The interview is conducted by Kunga Nyima and is translated by Associate Professor Huang Yi Yan of Taiwan. It is conducted on 18 June 2003 at His Holiness’s residence in Singapore.

His Holiness the 101th Ganden Tripa is hosted on His first Official Visit to Singapore from 25 May 2003 to 23 June 2003 by the Charitable Assistance Society.

About the Ganden Tripas:

The Ganden Tripas, the Sakya Trizins and the Karmapas are official heads of their respective traditions: the Gelug, the Sakya and the Karma Kagyu. Je Tsongkhapa is the founder of the Gelug tradition. The line of the Ganden Tripas are Tsongkhapa’s spiritual successors and are therefore the official supreme head of the Gelug Tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. The line of the Dalai Lamas and Panchen Lamas both hailed from the Gelug Tradition.

The 101th Ganden Tripa, together with Mindroling Trichen, have been enthroned in 2002 as the heads of respectively the Nyingma and Gelug traditions.

Those beings who so rarely are fortunate enough to have contact with His Holiness, there is hardly any who will fail to realize that His Holiness is a GEM…… a sign of the fruition and flowering of seamless cultivation of the Buddha’s holy Teachings. It is a genuine blessing to personally witness His Holiness’s absolute sincerity, warmth, wisdom, innocent humour, unending patience and honesty.

”May it be of benefit !!”

Buddhism

What is the most essentially fundamental thing for a Buddhist?

Buddhists should know that samsara is suffering. We need to realize that samsara is suffering first before we will try to obtain liberation from it. The only way to liberation from samsara is through following the Teachings of the Buddha. According to the Texts, only by following the Buddhist Teachings can there be ultimate liberation from samsara.

What is the most important thing a Buddhist should remember?

A Buddhist should always remember the 3 Jewels: the Buddha, His Teachings [The Dharma ] and His Assembly of Noble Disciples [ The Sangha ]. A Buddhist should clear internalize the supreme qualities of the 3 Jewels. In general, the Buddha is like a doctor, the Dharma is like medicine and the Sangha is like nurses and assistants to the doctor.

We, sentient beings, in samsara, are like the patients. We need to take the doctor’s prescription to get well. Moreover, we also need to rely on the doctor and his assistants too. A Buddhist needs to always take refuge in the 3 Jewels as well as to remember the qualities of the 3 Jewels.

How do we sustain “Bodhicitta”: the attitude of completely dedicating ourselves for the welfare of others; of wanting to attain the state of Complete Enlightenment or Buddhahood solely for the good of others?

To put the Teachings into practice is difficult. If we can put the Teachings into practice, this is real Bodhicitta. If we cannot, this cannot be Bodhicitta. To give rise to Bodhicitta, we must first cultivate Loving-kindness [ Wishing all beings to have happiness and the causes of happiness ] and Compassion [ Wishing all beings to be free from suffering and the causes of suffering ].

Next, we must think of the kindness of our mother. Then, we need to remember the kindness of all beings as they have acted as our mothers in countless past lives. Following, we need to cultivate the wish to repay the kindnesses of all these uncountable mother sentient beings. To put Bodhicitta into practice is difficult. If we can put Bodhicitta into practice, this is real Bodhicitta.

If we cannot put Bodhicitta into practice, this cannot be genuine Bodhicitta. Always try to sustain a good-heart. Do not be bothered about what others do. Just try to sustain a good-heart. This is the way of the true Buddhists.

Is vegetarianism compulsory?

It has been suggested that cultivating crops kill untold numbers of insects whilst the slaughtering of only one yak in old Tibet can feed the whole family for a week. Therefore, from the numerical point of view, this group of people suggests that we should consume meat of big-size animals rather than eating vegetables which inevitably entail the death of countless creatures. Moreover, some masters have insisted on vegetarianism as compulsory for a Buddhist whilst others quoted Buddhist texts to the contrary.

What is Your Holiness point of view?

In general, Lord Buddha has taught 3 differing points with regard to vegetarianism. In the first one, in the Theravada tradition, it is taught that we cannot take the so-called three categories of “Impure Meat”: a) we perceive through our eyes or ears the killing of the meat; b) we suspect that the meat is killed for ourselves; c) we know that the meat has been killed for us.

Besides these 3 categories of meat, we are permitted to partake of the rest. In the second one, in the Mahayana tradition, it is taught explicitly that the taking meat is necessarily unskillful and wrong. So vegetarianism is compulsory here.

In the third, in the Vajrayana tradition, it is taught that practitioners of this path should take meat. The reason for this is given in the texts and requires extensive explanations. It is not appropriate for me to elaborate here. Students of Buddhism can choose to follow any of these 3 points. It is not possible for me to dictate which points students should follow.

There have been some Buddhist centres concentrating mainly on doing social work whilst some concentrating mainly on spiritual practices. What is Your Holiness’s opinion on what a Buddhist centre should concentrate on?

Doing both social work and spiritual practices are not contradictory but are in fact complementary. Both have their own reasons for doing their respective work. Shantideva said in “Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life” that the perfection of generosity does not mean that one can only perfect the practice of generosity after one has alleviated the poverty of all sentient beings.

Lord Buddha has already perfected the practice of generosity. However, there is still poverty in the world. Therefore, this proves the point as elucidated in “Guide to the Bodhisattva’s Way of Life” that to perfect the practice of generosity means to be able to perfect the activity of generosity from the point of view of one’s spiritual practice rather than from already physical completion of the alleviating of poverty of all other beings.

Following this point of argument, cultivation of generosity through various spiritual practices is important. Even if I can help, I can only but help but a minute proportion of beings through doing social work. Even if I can help 1000 beings, this is still a small proportion relative to the population of Singapore and the number of beings in the whole universe.

There are 3 sets of vows: the Self-Liberation Vows; the Bodhisattva Vows and the Vajrayana Vows. All these 3 sets of vows contain the Practices of the 6 Perfections including of course the practice of generosity. Some examples of how we can exercise the vows include one assisting if any beings fall sick or have other difficulties, one helping to guard banks as they contain the wealth of many beings! From this point of view therefore, social work is therefore an essential part of dharma practice.

In addition, however, we must also remember Shantideva’s teaching that the accomplishment of the perfections lies in one’s mind through spiritual practices also. Therefore, there are valid and good reasons for social work as well as spiritual practices. There is no need to split them into two different groups.

There have been comments that Buddhists from almost all traditions, be it Tibetan, Thai or even the west, have been building too much big statues, stupas, centres and even monasteries and that Buddhists should instead expend more of their resources on social welfare projects such as hospitals, animal-shelter-homes, orphanages and others that directly benefit beings in more tangible ways. What is Your Holiness’s opinion about this?

All are good. All can accumulate merit. Building hospitals or monasteries are good. Both activities are not wasteful.

Some Buddhist centres will only support or circulate news of activities organized by their own centres. Some will even through either implicit or even explicit means, discourage their members from attending programmes organized by other centres even if these programmes are conducted by acknowledged great masters and are beneficial. It has been suggested that these centres are trying to maintain the number of students or followers in their centres as they are worried that their resources will be “lost” to other organizations. On the other hand, these centres claim that they are only trying to “protect” their students from even some of these important teachers, some of whom are even teachers of their centres’ own spiritual advisers. What does Your Holiness think about this?

I have no comments. If I say something, some people may get angry with me! [ laughing ]

Will there be an end to samsara?

It is difficult to say if there will be an end to samsara. It is mentioned in the texts that all beings will eventually become Buddhas. But before that, samsara is there. It is also mentioned in the texts that there does not exist a time where all beings will be free from samsara.

There have been allegations of conversions of Buddhists to other religions through deliberate and aggressive inaccurate depiction of Buddhism, conditional provisions of material aid, educational opportunities and such. What does Your Holiness think of this?

We have to try our best to propagate the Buddhist Teachings. We have no ability to stop these alleged practices. It is also no good for us to stop conversions through “fair” means. The main thing is to develop and improve ourselves. We need to establish more Buddhist centres. We need to improve the management of existing centres.

Just like how other religions spread their teachings, Buddhists should also follow likewise. We should not think of going against other religions however! Conducting certain religious ceremonies or “pujas” for welfare of the Buddhist teachings is also another method. According to the Buddhist Teachings, it is considered negative karma to desecrate the Buddhist teachings.

Similarly, we should not desecrate teachings of other religions. We simply need to improve ourselves with diligence. In the context of Tibetan Buddhism, the Sakyapas will need to preserve and propagate teachings of the Sakya Tradition. The Kagyupas, the Nyingmapas and the Gelugpas will similarly need to do likewise.

What does Your Holiness feel about the state of Buddhism in the west?

Buddhism has been taught and transmitted in the west but it is difficult to ensure that every Teaching has been taught and learnt well. There is definite room for improvements in terms of the way the Buddhist centers are being managed, the way the western students are learning the teachings, the way these students are practicing the teachings, the way in which the teachings have been taught and others. Another matter of concern is that many Tibetan teachers in the west have no place of their own.

Tibetan Buddhism

Does Your Holiness feel that it is timely and appropriate to introduce the Bhikshuni or Fully-ordained Nun’s Order into Tibetan Buddhism?

I have not much comment about this matter.

Does Your Holiness feel that the “tulku” system or the system of finding reincarnated teachers is still relevant today?

There are still many masters getting recognized today. I do not know whether it is still relevant today.

What is Your Holiness opinion of astrology and divination?

Some people believe in them and some people do not. I personally have not much opinion about this matter.

There have been great concerns and fear almost amongst Vajrayana students in both the east and west, on their need to, at all cost, at least read through the meditation text of their yidam daily as they have been told to do so by their teachers during initiation ceremonies of which they participated. These students considered missing doing the meditation of their Yidam or missing reading through the relevant text even for a day a serious transgression of their vow or commitment. What is Your Holiness’s opinion about this matter?

The main point is not to simply and blindly read through the Yidam’s meditational text or “sadhana” daily without understanding. The main point is to keep strictly to our best ability all the commitments we have taken: the Self-liberation, the Bodhisattva and the Tantric commitments.

It is good and important to do the meditational text of your yidam daily especially if you have promised to do so daily but this is not the main point. The main and most important point is to keep the above 3 sets of vows to our best ability. If you have promised your Teachers to do certain “sadhanas” or “Practice Texts” daily, you should definitely try to do them daily.

If you really cannot do it due to sickness, it is perfectly fine. But you should continue after you have recovered from your sickness. If you miss your “sadhana” due to that you have forgotten to do it, you should still continue to do it the very next day. You should also do at least 21 times the long Vajrasattva 100- Syllable Mantra or to do the “Confession to the 35 Buddhas” the very next day.

If for whatever reason you miss your “sadhana” such as not having the time due to work, you should let your Teacher know about it and then re-take the particular initiation again. In the meantime, before say you can re-take the initiation again, continue with the practice. You should also do at least 21 times the long Vajrasattva 100-Syllable Mantra or do the ”Confession to the 35 Buddhas”.

If owing to work commitments you cannot continue with your daily practice of the promised ”sadhana” anymore, you should let your Teacher know about this. If you are not able to let your Teacher know about this or your Teacher has already passed away and you still cannot continue to do your practice daily, you should then do at least 21 times the long Vajrasattva 100-Syllable Mantra or do the “Confession to the 35 Buddhas” daily.

It is important to check if there is any commitment that comes with any particular initiation. If you are not able to keep the commitments, you should not take the initiation. If a student has promised to do say 5 “sadhanas” a day, the student should not decide for himself or herself without consulting their Teachers first whether he or she can simply do only one “sadhana” in place of all the rests daily. However, it is also important that students should not feel unreasonably or overly upset or fearful of missing daily practice for whatever reasons.

How will Your Holiness describe Your relationship with HH the Dalai Lama?

His Holiness the Dalai Lama has taken care of me in my past lives. His Holiness has taken care of me when I was just a newly-ordained monk, when I was the Abbot of the Tantric College of Upper Lhasa, Abbot of Ganden Shartse Monastery, when I was the Lord of Dharma of the Eastern End or the “Sharpa Choje” and even when I am now the Ganden Tripa or the Supreme Head of the Gelugpa Tradition.

His Holiness is one of my precious Root Teachers. I have taken a photograph with HH the Dalai Lama this year [ May 2003 ]. There is nothing in the world that I cherish more. Then, not forgetting also, that His Holiness is, in some ways, my “boss”. [ giggles]

What is Your Holiness’s opinion on a student being non-sectarian and doing practices or receiving teachings and initiations from all the 4 Tibetan Buddhist lineages?

I feel that it is best if a practitioner can do the practices of all these four lineages without discrimination. However, it may be difficult for some unless they have the capacity. On the other hand, it is also possible for a practitioner to concentrate only on one lineage. However, this latter practitioner even concentrating only on one lineage, needs to have sincere and genuine respect and appreciation for all the other lineages he or she is not practicing.

As we are Buddhists, we all said the Refuge Prayer in which it is mentioned that we take refuge in the Community of Noble Ones. This means the beings who have gained Enlightenment. These beings can be found in all the different lineages. Therefore, when we take refuge, we take refuge in these Enlightened Beings in all the lineages.

If we accept only those Enlightened Beings found in our lineage and reject those Enlightened Beings of other lineages, what we do and say are different. I consider such sectarian attitude or behaviour a very serious breach of Buddhist commitment.

In summary, if we have the ability, it is best if we can follow teachings from all the lineages. Otherwise, we can concentrate on learning from any one of the lineages that we have affinity towards but at the same time maintaining sincere and genuine respect and appreciation of the other lineages.

The Gelugpa Tradition

Can Your Holiness tell us the distinguishing characteristics of the Gelugpa Tradition of which You are the Official Head?

Both in the west and the east, people recognize the Gelugpa monks by the yellow pointed hat they wear. This is the special characteristic! [ laughing ] The uncommon feature of the Gelugpa is that outwardly, the Gelugpa monks adopt a subdued and gentle form of the Shravaka practitioner who live according to the Vinaya rules of the Sutra Vehicle whilst inwardly possessing the full realization of the Generation and Completion Stages of the Tantra Vehicle. The Gelugpa Tradition perceives the Sutra and Tantra Vehicle as complementary and not contradictory.

Does Your Holiness feel that Tibetan Buddhism, in particular, the Gelugpa Tradition, has been upheld well in exile?

I feel that in general, Tibetan Buddhism has been relatively well preserved. In India, the number of monks in the great monasteries has increased due to diligent efforts. However, efforts to make further progress beyond the current situation may be difficult as most efforts have already been expended towards preservation itself. One of the difficulties faced by the monks is that as they are now in exile, they have to take care of their livelihood themselves such as growing crops in the fields. In Tibet in the past, monks only need to study and practise without having the need to work for their own living.

Does Your Holiness feel that there could be some changes introduced into the Geshe study programme followed by the great monasteries of the Gelugpa Tradition?

There have been some suggestions about this. The five great texts that form the curriculum of the Geshe study programme is not for the purpose of winning debates. The debates are not to be only done in mouth but are to be followed by actions throughout the 20 to 30 years of study. The debates are not mere games. Before we can start practising, we need first to know what and how to practise and this we can achieve through studying.

Both Lord Buddha and Je Tsongkhapa have said that before we accept any of Their teachings, we need first to behave like a goldsmith examining the purity of his goods. A goldsmith will first need to smelt the material under investigation. Next, he will need to dissect the gold into appropriate sizes. Finally, he will need to shape the material.

Similarly, too, before we accept or commence any practices, we need first to investigate carefully the sources of these practices through correspondingly adopting the above three processes, whether they originate from the Buddha or any of the Indian or Tibetan lineal Teachers. Study will assist in this task.

There have been suggestions too to introduce scientific study into the Geshe study programme. In general, I feel that studying science is good. However, the study and practise of the Buddha’s teachings is the only ultimate way to the liberation of all beings from samsara and for us to become a Buddha so that we can liberate all beings from samsara.

Towards this objective, studying the Buddha’s teachings is sufficient. All the 500 Arahants of the past have achieved this without requiring study of science. Studying the Teachings is not to just acquire knowledge or to acquire official paper certificates. Studying the Teachings is to free oneself from samsara and also that oneself can become a Buddha to liberate all beings from their sufferings.

Again, towards this aim, studying of the Teachings is sufficient. There is no further need to include the study of science. However, to be a famous scholar recognized by the world, we will then need to study both the Teachings and science! [laughing ]

The study of the Teachings is so that we can gain wisdom to realize Emptiness which is the ultimate nature of phenomena. The study of the teachings entails the following three stages: Listening to the teachings; contemplating what we have heard; putting into practice what we have learnt.

We need to listen to the teachings first before we can contemplate on them. Before we can contemplate, we first need to listen to what has been taught. If we do not listen, we cannot contemplate and subsequently, there is nothing for us to practise! Therefore, first, we need to seek for knowledge through listening and studying the teachings.

I personally started to study the great texts when I was 25 years old. I am now 77 years old and still I feel that I have not learnt enough. In addition to the Gelugpa tradition, the other 3 traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, the Sakya, the Nyingma and the Kagyu all contain examples of great realised masters who studied the Teachings extensively.

In the Sakya tradition, we have Sakya Pandita. In the Nyingma tradition, we have Longchen Rabjampa. In the Kagyu tradition, the lineal Karmapas and Dhakpo Lhaje or Gampopa are such great beings. All these masters learnt and studied extensively the great texts and do not rely simply on merely one text alone.

In recent years, some teachers have taught that it is sufficient to rely only on the tantric practices of the Vajrayogini [ Naro Kachodma ] and the Solitary Yamantaka. On the other hand, it has been suggested that the current strong emphasis on the tantric practices of the Vajrayogini [ Naro Kachodma ] and the Solitary Yamantaka instead of the combined tantric practices of the 32 Deity Guhyasamaja, the 62 Deity Heruka Chakrasamvara and the 13 Deity Yamantaka recommended by Je Tzongkhapa are signs of the degeneration of the tantric practices in the Gelugpa tradition. What is Your Holiness’s opinion on this matter?

The Vajrayogini or Naro Kachodma practices is not introduced into the Gelugpa Tradition by Trijang Rinpoche but popularized earlier by masters such as Pabongka Rinpoche as Pabongka Rinpoche is considered to be an emanation of Naropa who is Himself the first Lineage Master of this tantric cycle. Trijang Rinpoche is Himself strongly affiliated to the Vajrayogini cycle as even HH the Dalai Lama pronounced that Trijang Rinpoche is a great practitioner of both the Heruka and Vajrayogini cycles.

In general, Je Tsongkhapa’s three meditational deities or yidams are the 32 Deity Guhyasamaja, the 62 Deity Heruka Chakrasamvara and the 13 Deity Yamantaka. Amongst these 3 yidams, Tsongkhapa especially meditates on Guhyasamaja and wrote most extensively and deeply on this practice. Guhyasamaja is in fact Tzongkhapa’s main practice.

Both Guhyasamaja’s and Heruka’s meditation texts are long whilst Yamantaka’s text is relatively shorter. The genuine good practitioner of the Gelugpa tradition must do all these three practices inseparably.

I have personally heard HH the Dalai Lama taught before that doing the practices of these 3 yidams inseparably is not exactly to mean to read the meditation texts of these 3 yidams separately. The point is to extract the essential and critical features of each of these 3 respective yidams and to subsequently integrate them into any one of these 3 yidams which one has adopted as one’s main yidam.

For example, if your main yidam is Yamantaka, you integrate the essential features of each of these 3 yidams into Yamantaka and you then concentrate on the practice of Yamantaka. Similarly, if your yidam is Guhyasamaja, you then integrate the essential features of each of these 3 yidams into Guhyasamaja and you then concentrate on the practice of Guhyasamaja. This applies also if your yidam is Heruka. The past great lineage Gelugpa Masters similarly do practices of these 3 yidams inseparably.

The recent great lineage Gelugpa Masters such as Ling Rinpoche [ who is the 97 th Ganden Tripa and the Senior Root Teacher of the present Dalai Lama ], Trijang Rinpoche [ who is the Junior Root Teacher of the present Dalai Lama ] and Zong Rinpoche all practise these 3 yidams inseparably.

These great masters have definitely mastered practices of these 3 yidams. Some teachers may have taught their students only to concentrate on Vajrayogini and Solitary Yamantaka because their students may not have the ability or time to do the practices of these 3 great Yidams. However, in general, genuine Gelugpa practitioners who have the ability should do the practices of these 3 great Yidams as His Holiness the Dalai Lama advised.

General

What is Your Holiness’s opinion on mercy-killing or euthanasia?

To kill another being before his or her natural death involves the negative karma of killing even if he or she themselves request to end their lives or if they are already unconscious on life-support and their next-of-kin decides to end their life on their behalf.

Does Your Holiness think that it is permissible to abort babies if they are conceived through rape or if giving birth to the baby endangers the mother’s life or if the baby is so chronically handicapped that it will die within a few seconds or minutes of its birth?

Any form of abortion will involve the negative karma of killing a being.

What is Your Holiness’s opinion on experiments being done on animals for the alleged benefit of human beings?

According to the Buddhist Teachings, giving suffering to another being is wrong.

What is Your Holiness’s view on homosexuality?

Homosexuality seems to be getting more common in the world these days. Homosexuality, like heterosexuality, are both activities of samsara. Neither seems to be particularly better or worse than the other. Whether a man or woman is straight or gay does not make him or her any particularly better or worse than the other. In general, both are activities of lay people. Not that, however, that there is no karma involved in homosexuality, only that it is just like heterosexuality, another activity of samsara.

What is Your Holiness’s opinion of genetic engineering?

I do not know whether it is correct or wrong.

Does Your Holiness think it is permissible to eradicate “pests”: animals or insects which are harmful to human beings such as mosquitoes, cockroaches, rats and such?

All beings are the same. It is considered negative karma to kill any being. Even if these animals infect human beings with diseases, according to the Buddhist Teachings, it is still considered an unskillful action to harm or eradicate them. However, to say not to stop diseases getting spread to human beings as a result of infections from these animals also does not seem to be totally correct. It is very difficult to decide. No matter which stand you take, it is still very difficult.

What is Your Holiness’s opinion of the so-called “pre-emptive strikes”? There is one viewpoint that claims that crippling your enemy’s military resources first before they initiates a brutal onslaught on civilians is actually a skilful means to protect lives. The other viewpoint is that “pre-emptive strikes” initiates aggression first from one’s side without provocation from the other and is therefore wrong.

It is difficult to decide.

What is Your Holiness’s wish for the world?

I wish all beings in the world happiness, health and also that they will live even better.

A short introduction to Buddhism

[ As informal accompanying notes to the above interview with HH the 101th Ganden Tripa for friends unfamiliar with the Buddhist teachings ]

General

The cause of samsara Buddha, the Enlightened One, taught that all beings suffer as a result of their not recognizing the inherent Emptiness of nature.

• From their Non-recognition of Emptiness or Ignorance arises a sense of Self.
• From this sense of Self arises Self-cherishing Attitude which places oneself above all others.
• From Self-cherishing Attitude arises all the other Defilements: Anger, Attachment and such.
• As a result of creation of actions motivated by these Defilements, beings suffer from ”Karma” or the Resultant Effects of their Actions.
• From their endless creation of “Karma”, beings are forced to take birth, experienced inevitable death, take birth again, experience death again and so on, again and again in unending cycles of suffering.

The way to end samsara

• To realize Emptiness so that they can be free from samsara, beings will need to practise the Noble Eight-fold Path: Right View / Right Intention / Right Speech / Right Action / Right Livelihood / Right Effort / Right Mindfulness / Right Concentration.
• When beings realize Emptiness, they are then liberated from samsara.

Mahayana

Bodhisattvas

Beings who do not only want to liberate themselves from samsara but in addition, wanting to attain Buddhahood, as this is the best manner that they can liberate all other countless beings from samsara, are known as “Bodhisattvas”.

Common Bodhicitta

The wish to want to attain Buddhahood regardless of how long it will take or how difficult it will be solely for the liberation from samsara of all other beings is known as the “Common Bodhicitta”.

Way of practice of the Bodhisattvas

Sutra Tradition- Bodhisattvas practise the Six Perfections for countless aeons so that they can attain the state of Buddhahood. The Six Perfections are Generosity / Morality / Patience /Perseverance /Meditation / Wisdom. This group of Bodhisattvas is practicing according to the Sutra Mahayana Tradition.

Uncommon Bodhicitta

Another group of Bodhisattvas practices according to the Tantra Mahayana Tradition. This latter group of Bodhisattvas are motivated by the “Uncommon Bodhicitta” which is the wish to attain Buddhahood for the liberation from samsara of all other beings through any means whatsoever because they cannot stand, due to their great compassion, the suffering of any beings whilst they are progressing towards Buddhahood.

Way of practice of the Bodhisattvas

Tantra Tradition- This group of Bodhisattvas practices Deity Yoga and other tantric practices which will yield the state of Buddhahood in the shortest time possible including even this very life. In general, these Bodhisattvas practise viewing the inherent ultimate potential or purity of all beings. They do this through viewing their Spiritual Teachers as Buddhas, themselves and all other beings as Buddhas.

Source: http://www.trisurlungriknamgyal.com/blog-2/

Transcript

When we are practicing this sadhana – sincerely practicing this sadhana – we’re also indirectly… we’re also practicing the essence of practice of all other Highest Yoga Tantra. Because in this sadhana condenses the essence of practice of all the Highest Yoga Tantra, you know.

When we are practicing this sadhana, we also practicing Higher Yoga Tantra, such as Guhyasamaja Tantra, Yamantaka Tantra and Heruka Tantra. Because this sadhana condenses all these practice. So, this is Je Phabongkhapa prepared for us you know. Je Phabongkhapa composed this sadhana – following and based it, or following upon Je Tsongkhapa’s instructional of Gaden Oral Lineage.

So, so from the Going for Refuge through the Daily Action, every practice, based it on the Je Tsongkhapa’s teaching, instructional Gaden Oral Lineage. So, since from that, Vajrayogini practice becomes of the part of the Gaden Oral Lineage.

You are very fortunate to meet such precious instruction and these Lamas and Pabongkhapa. The kindness of these Lamas is… kindness is immeasurable. Immeasurable.

He made, composed this sadhana and commentary to the practice, together we have now, now we have the opportunity to Vajrayogini practice, which is part of the instructional Gaden Oral Lineage and very essence of instruction of Je Tsongkhapa, Wisdom Buddha.

And there, upon that, Je Pabongkhapa put here many, many uncommon practice which are not contained in other Tantric practice. Many, many uncommon practice condensed in this sadhana, you know? And although it condensed all the essence of practice [of] Highest Yoga Tantra such as Higher Yoga Tantra of Guhyasamaja Tantra, Yamantaka Tantra, Heruka Tantra and it also condense many Pe Bum practice, uncommon practice such as, for example, in the Guru Yoga… in the Guru Yoga practice, there is practice called kusali tsok offerings. And this practice is the very Pe Bum practice. Normally, they are in Mahayana Buddhism.

There is also koyad pubulor (4:23 inaudible), chod practice, means “cutting” practice. But Kusali tsok offerings is the very essence of practice so this practice…. From my understanding is that more Pe Bum than others. It is Choda is called Kusali Tsok Offerings but in reality is presented that Pe Bum meaning of the Chod practice, “cutting” practice which is very popular in many other traditions you know.

And in the… this is one of the uncommon… Also, during mantra recitation, upon mantra recitation…. In the practice of mantra recitation also contains this uncommon practice of completion stage practice which is the recognizing secret Yogini which you already receive the instruction during initiation, these kind of things. And in such generation, sadhana practice condenses many Pe Bum Completion Stage practice.

(5.56 inaudible) there is a… it contain… they are called uncommon (6:06 inaudible) practice which is (6:10 inaudible) like this, many, many essence of data gathered together – collected in many small booklet. Everything included within small sadhana, you know?

And although it is so many Pe Bum instruction condense by this very simple practice, we all practice simple… it can be practised very easily, suitable for everybody, especially in this degenerate times.

Because it is based on the Gaden Oral Instruction, it is very, very blessed ritual prayer, this sadhana. It is really a priceless jewel.

And in truth, Je Pabongkhapa himself is an emanation of Heruka, himself is not separate from Heruka. He is emanation of Heruka. Even if people (7.34 inaudible) or his disciples and his people commonly understand he will receiving direct vision of Heruka (7.55 inaudible) continually understand himself emanation of Heruka. So, this means that here author of this sadhana is Heruka himself, you know? How we are fortunate, you know? Just having such practice gives encouragement, happy mind you know?

So, now to read this…. he – Je Pabongkhapa – and his heart disciple Kyabje Trijang Dorje Chang, through their kindness, these precious Lamas, now this special instruction, precious instruction flourishing throughout the world. People throughout the world have opportunity to meet a Spiritual Teacher who giving empowerment and commentary to the teachings. They will they have opportunity to read qualified commentary, meet Spiritual Friend who are emphasizing practice of Heruka Body Mandala and Vajrayogini. So, such precious opportunity now experiencing by the people throughout the world, you know? How these Lamas kindness, you know?

This is, I am telling you my own experience, you know? When I dream (9.55 inaudible) in India Vajrayogini and Heruka Body Mandala, Vajrayogini (10.02 inaudible) sometimes I cry remembering the kindness of these Lamas you know, these precious Lamas.

So, we should repay, we need to repay their kindness. Their wish is to flourish pure Dharma throughout the world, to benefit all living beings. So, our dedication is to fulfill these precious Lamas’ wish to benefit others.

The Maha Gutor Puja was conducted in Shar Gaden by the monks there. Shar Gaden is one of the leading monasteries in South India that are supporting and spreading the Dorje Shugden practice.

Taken from the dorjeshugden forum

Wisdom Being (Forum Member)

Many things happen during this religious event: On the 1st day, there will be a half-day session which is a preliminary. On the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th days, the assembly recites mantras beginning with a Yamantaka self-generation and then Mahakala, Dharmaraja, Shri devi, Vaisravana, Setrap, Shugden etc with full religious musical instruments; blow-horn, thighbone-trumpet, cymbals, bells drums etc 

All the tormas (sacrificial cakes) are burnt on the last day as an indication of conclusion.

‘Dharmapala’ – hoary Sanskrit from India, terra firma giving birth to the Vedas;’ The End of All Knowledge’, innumerable deities, home of the Ganges river and Buddha The Awakened One – means “…guardian of the teachings” Variously, the term is also used to mean defenders or protectors of the law of the ‘Diamond Vehicle’.

Vajrayana, or the ‘Diamond Vehicle’, is a Buddhist school of Indian Mahayana teachings that, so far, can be archeologically traced to the first millennium. Dharmapalas are deified protective agents for the Vajrayana teachings (an evolved style of yoga practice and philosophy derivative of the historical Buddha’s practice). As history in the far eastern traditions is constantly being updated and rewritten, it is also possible that these deities were first used in Tantric teachings.

A practical ritual application of all or any one of the Dharmapalas is for today’s Tibetan yogi or sadhana practitioner to call them forth during ritual and meditation in order to protect against negative influences that will keep one from advancing along the path of sadhana or practice.

While the Dharmapala deities figure heavily in Tibetan art as horrific and angry, it’s understood that here the end justifies the means; actually these are compassionate, Buddhist deities, whose angry sneers, heavily ornamented, husky bodies, and deadly weaponry are protective camouflage devices for the good of the practice, to drive away illusion and evil; in Judeo-Christian parlance we refer to this type of deity as an archangel.

Eight Dharmapala deities are known – each one may be known by several designations – and called upon, each for its specific specialized areas of protection: “Mahakala, Yama, Yamantaka, Hayagriva, Vaisravana, Shri Devi, Changpa, Prana Atma.[ii] ” This listing is the traditional hierarchical accounting with Mahakala appearing in the number one position as that Dharmapala who protects the Dalai Lamas (those highest spiritual leaders in the Buddhist community).

Two principle viewpoints are offered for the importance of Dharmapalas: the fundamental and literal; and the metaphorical and often mystic. The fundamental is covered above in the definitions of, and traditional use of these deities. However, what of the metaphorical and mystic?

It is the goal of all yoga to return to the source, and that life in the human body is transcendental. The body and finite mind therein is a powerful instrument of return. Could these Dharmapalas be part and parcel of our higher, dedicated, and as sadhana practitioners, disciplined self?

Taking a Jungian view, perhaps these are archetypal elements of self-discipline towards yoga practice. It is not uncommon protocol for a group meditation in the Zen Buddhist school to have one monitor with a fierce face and wielding a bamboo rod skulking the crowd waiting to sharply strike that one – with compassion, of course – who has fallen asleep at his sitting.

Footnote:
‘The Shambhala Dictionary of Buddhism and Zen’ –Shambhala Publications, 1991.
[ii] As above.

Source : http://www.helium.com/items/1808311-dharmapalas-history-and-significance